“The Biofilm Story” Center for Biofilm Engineering Montana State University Microbial communities attached to surfaces (biofilms) were observed long before people had the tools to study them in detail. In 1684, Antony van Leeuwenhoek remarked on the vast accumulation... Read More

For much of microbiology’s history, microorganisms were predominantly studied as planktonic, free-floating cells, typically analyzed under laboratory conditions using nutrient-rich culture media. However, a rediscovery of an earlier observation by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek—that microorganisms readily adhere to and grow on... Read More